The list of greatest moments in science:
structure of DNA, structure of atom, structure of blood flow

Experience of cosmonauts’ health monitoring shows that in the study of healthy subjects clinical approach to the evaluation of various medical and physiological data is almost less effective than the evaluation of organism adaptive abilities. The idea of prenosological diagnosis and the concept of adaptive risks develop in space medicine last years. These new space technologies are being actively tested in terrestrial studies in systems as 'home medicine'.

Conventional methods for arterial pressure (AP) measurement are not capable of identifying it in each cardiac cycle. Besides, they ignore many significant factors. The paper reports on an innovative method based on cardiac cycle phase analysis for detecting systolic and diastolic AP changes in each cardiac cycle using synchronous digitally processed ECG and Rheo recordings. Considered is the phase mechanism of the natural diastolic pressure regulation. The diastolic AP changes referred to the physiological norm and aortic dilatation status are also assessed.

Monitoring the health of astronauts based on the assessment of the functional state of the body within the realms of norm and pathology. The area of functional states qualifies as the yellow score of health on a notional scale 'traffic light of health': Modern medicine is particularly interested in studying the health of the yellow score, because of the preventative measures that could still be taken before making contact with the healthcare system.

The paper reviews the existing methods for hemodynamic parameters measurement, namely the Fick method, the thermodilution technique and the Cardiocode technology. Comparative analysis of the above methods is presented. Strong and weak points in each method and their informative values are identified. Distinctive features of the Cardiocode method, as the only noninvasive one, are described.