The aim of the article is to show the significance of the axiological approach in explaining the place of socio-cultural factors, such as social status, ethical values and art, in survival of human population under the conditions of the Leningrad blockade, which reveal in a new methodological viewpoint the significance of the fundamental discoveries, made by Soviet scientists, still underestimated, in biology and medicine.

The aim of the paper is to show the significance of the fractal approach to scientific discovery in the context of interrelations between the modern natural sciences and medicine in order to increase an efficiency of applications of most advanced medical devices.